Olímpiada brasileira de química: análise dos conteúdos, habilidades e relação com as diretrizes curriculares do ensino médio

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the Brazilian Chemistry Olympiad (OBQ) tests applied from 2015 to 2024, investigating the distribution of the contents involved, the ordinary skills and their relationship with the curricular guidelines of High School, especially the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC). The need arises to answer the following guiding questions: what are the main contents and skills required in the OBQ tests? Do these tests reflect the curricular guidelines of High School and Intermediate Education for student learning? Is there variation in the complexity of the questions over time? This is documentary research, of the exploratory-explanatory type, with a quantitative-qualitative approach. The research identified that the most recurrent themes in the period investigated include Stoichiometric Calculations, Organic Chemistry and General Chemistry, while Environmental Chemistry and Nuclear Chemistry are less explored. In addition, it was found that the OBQ emphasizes the application of formulas and calculations to the detriment of contextualization and scientific argumentation. The analysis also revealed disparities in the participation and performance of students from public and private schools, indicating structural challenges that affect equity in the competition. It is concluded that, although the OBQ is a relevant tool to stimulate interest in Chemistry, greater alignment with educational guidelines and initiatives is needed to expand inclusion and equity in participation.